‘His urine goes on tour around Europe, showing the kings and queens this glowing pee’: The weird world of alchemy before chemistry

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A painting of a man kneeling in front of a glowing vial with two children behind him

Joseph Wright’s painting illustrating Hennig Brand discovering phosphorus.

(Image credit: Joseph Wright of Derby, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)

Long before chemistry was a formal science, humans were experimenting with substances to solve problems, cure illnesses and make money. In his book “The Age of Alchemy: How Early Innovators Shaped Modern Chemistry” (Profile Books, 2026), author Kit Chapman, a science journalist and honorary researcher at Falmouth University in the U.K., traces how this ancient, protoscientific tradition shaped the world.

From our ancestors’ early use of fire to some accidental — and disastrous — pyrotechnics in the 14th-century French court of Charles VI, Chapman reveals how early innovations across the world paved the way for modern science.

Hannah Osborne

Hannah Osborne is the planet Earth and animals editor at Live Science. Prior to Live Science, she worked for several years at Newsweek as the science editor. Before this she was science editor at International Business Times U.K. Hannah holds a master’s in journalism from Goldsmith’s, University of London.

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